This list is not intended to be comprehensive. From there, we address sequences in every decade well into our own era, touching on a range of formats, innovations, and historical moments, from the patenting of rotoscoping to the invention of the multiplane camera to the rise of anime and everything in between and after.
The arc of this history begins in 1892, the year Charles-Émile Reynaud first used his Théâtre Optique system to screen his moving pictures - to our mind, the first animated cartoons ever produced - for the public (and long after the invention of the magic lantern). By focusing on sequences, we can let creators and their individual decisions shine in a way full-length works may not.
MORPH AGE SAVING AS A GIF FULL
Focusing on full cartoons would create a bias in the favor of studios with the resources to produce theatrical features - but history has shown that many landmark achievements in animation have been produced with a variety of budgets, formats, and lengths. We chose the deliberately flexible element of a “sequence” because it felt the most focused: It is often in one inspired moment, more so than a single frame or entire work, that we are able to see the form progress. To capture an idea of that power and to narrate its history, we have charted the evolution of animation by considering 100 sequences throughout the medium’s history. Today, vast audiences understand what artists like McLaren were observing: that the invisible holds a marvelous power over us. The characters and intellectual properties it has drawn into existence are as relatable as Daffy Duck and as lucrative as Mickey Mouse. The medium that began to crawl thanks to the live performances of inventor Charles-Émile Reynaud and illusionist Georges Méliès has now matured into a complex and diverse art form - one that has seen new processes and cultural innovations in every decade since its inception. Animated cartoons fool the brain into believing that static images can move characters are “brought to life” by putting pen to paper or finger to a computer’s trackpad. That has largely remained true throughout the medium’s history, both frame by frame and over the course of a two-hour children’s movie.
“Therefore, animation is the art of manipulating the invisible interstices between frames.” “What happens between each frame is more important than what happens on each frame,” the prominent experimental animator Norman McLaren (who makes the list with his short Neighbours, below) once explained. If you take an image of an open hand and an image of a fist and project the two in sequence, you’ll convey the illusion of a clench. It’s right there in the name of one of the earliest devices used to project slides: the magic lantern. Luki listened to my wants and needs and, with the utmost attention to detail, helped me to craft a space that truly feels like an embodiment of my personality.All animation, whether it depicts a whistling mouse, a walking dinosaur, or a leaping superhero, is a kind of magic trick. Fast forward to three months later when I’d be hanging kitchen cabinets solo and grouting backsplash tiles in 95+ degree weather and I may have wished she had… but nonetheless. I was very passionate about doing as much of the work myself as possible, and she didn’t even once tell me what a foolish idea that was. As soon as we zoomed for the first time to chat, I knew instantly that she was perfect for the job. And that is how I found Luki Anderson of Studio Officina. In order to turn this box of an apartment (albeit with great light and awesome potential) into a comfortable, cozy space that did not resemble an overgrown dorm room, I knew I would need help. “Anyone who knows me knows that cooking (and hosting) is practically essential to my personality. “First and foremost, I needed a kitchen, and not just one to ‘get the job done,'” Irene explains.
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